CONIFERS are vascular plants with seeds borne by a cone-shaped structure (“conifers” means “bearing cones”) having exactly the same function as the flower but which is not one. They appeared on Earth 300 million years ago, long before hardwoods. All existing conifers are woody plants, the vast majority of which are trees, the rest being shrubs. The most widespread CONIFERS are cedar, cypress, fir, juniper, larch, pine, redwood, spruce and yew. Only about 650 species of conifers remain today.